The Human-Computer Interaction Lab, University of Maryland, under Ben Shneiderman.

HyperTIES began there as TIES in 1983. Roughly twenty empirical studies decided its defaults — link color, history stack, BACK, article length, global string search. Apple sponsored the lab from 1988 to 1993. Steve Jobs visited in 1988.

The NeWS workstation era is one segment. The lab's work started before Don Hopkins arrived and continued after. Credit follows the papers: Ostroff on the first embedded menus, Koved on the 1986 CACM paper, Plaisant and Botafogo on the 1991 browser paper, William Weiland on the index manager.